繁簡
作者／出處
漢皇重色思傾國，御宇多年求不得。漢皇重色思傾國1，御宇2多年求不得。
中國有位好色的皇帝，多年沒尋到理想的美女。
China's Emperor, craving beauty that might shake an empire,
Was on the throne for many years, searching, never finding,
楊家有女初長成，養在深閨人未識。楊家有女初長成3，養在深閨人未識4。
楊家的姑娘才長大成人，養在深閨裏人家都不知。
Till a little child of the Yang clan, hardly even grown,
Bred in an inner chamber, with no one knowing her,
天生麗質難自棄，一朝選在君王側。天生麗質難自棄5，一朝選在君王側。
天生的美麗不會埋沒得久，一天被選進皇帝的宮裏。
But with graces granted by heaven and not to be concealed,
At last one day was chosen for the imperial household
回眸一笑百媚生，六宮粉黛無顏色。回眸6一笑百媚生，六宮粉黛無顏色7。
她轉眼一笑千嬌百媚，六宮的美女都沒法和她比。
If she but turned her head and smiled, there were cast a hundred spells,
And the powder and paint of the Six Palaces faded into nothing.
春寒賜浴華清池，溫泉水滑洗凝脂。春寒賜浴華清池8，溫泉水滑洗凝脂9。
春寒時叫她在華清池裏沐浴，凝脂般滑潤的皮膚在溫泉裏浸洗，
...It was early spring. They bathed her in the FlowerPure Pool,
Which warmed and smoothed the creamy-tinted crystal of her skin,
侍兒扶起嬌無力，始是新承恩澤時。侍兒扶起嬌無力，始是新承恩澤10時。
出浴後嬌弱無力得要侍兒攙扶，這時初次接受了皇帝恩愛的賜予。
And, because of her languor, a maid was lifting her
When first the Emperor noticed her and chose her for his bride.
雲鬢花顏金步搖，芙蓉帳暖度春宵。雲鬢花顏金步搖11，芙蓉帳暖度春宵。
髮像雲、面如花、佩帶着「金步搖」，芙蓉帳裏的溫暖消磨了整個春宵。
The cloud of her hair, petal of her cheek, gold ripples of her crown when she moved,
Were sheltered on spring evenings by warm hibiscus curtains;
春宵苦短日高起，從此君王不早朝。春宵苦短日高起，從此君王不早朝。
嫌春夜太短暫，太陽已高起，從此皇帝也就不再起早上朝。
But nights of spring were short and the sun arose too soon,
And the Emperor, from that time forth, forsook his early hearings
承歡侍宴無閒暇，春從春遊夜專夜。承歡侍宴無閒暇，春從春遊夜專夜。
陪着皇帝歡宴沒有一點空閒，從這一夜到那一夜，從這一年到那一年。
And lavished all his time on her with feasts and revelry,
His mistress of the spring, his despot of the night.
後宮佳麗三千人，三千寵愛在一身。後宮佳麗三千人，三千寵愛在一身。
後宮的美女有三千人，三千人的寵愛集到一個人的身上。
There were other ladies in his court, three thousand of rare beauty,
But his favours to three thousand were concentered in one body.
金屋妝成嬌侍夜，玉樓宴罷醉和春。金屋妝成嬌侍夜12，玉樓宴罷醉和春13。
白天在玉樓裏歡宴醉酒，夜間另有金屋來陪伴君王。
By the time she was dressed in her Golden Chamber, it would be almost evening;
And when tables were cleared in the Tower of Jade, she would loiter, slow with wine.
姊妹弟兄皆列土，可憐光彩生門戶。姊妹弟兄皆列土14，可憐15光彩生門戶。
姊妹得到封贈弟兄做了高官，門戶生了光彩，人人在健羨，
Her sisters and her brothers all were given titles;
And, because she so illumined and glorified her clan,
遂令天下父母心，不重生男重生女。遂令天下父母心，不重生男重生女16。
改變了天下做父母的舊觀念，都願生個女兒不願再生男。
She brought to every father, every mother through the empire,
Happiness when a girl was born rather than a boy.
驪宮高處入青雲，仙樂風飄處處聞。驪宮17高處入青雲，仙樂風飄18處處聞。
驪山上的宮殿高聳雲層，處處聽到從那兒讓風飄來的仙樂聲。
...High rose Li Palace, entering blue clouds,
And far and wide the breezes carried magical notes
緩歌慢舞凝絲竹，盡日君王看不足。緩歌慢舞凝絲竹19，盡日君王看不足。
隨着音樂的節拍在緩歌曼舞，整天價這位皇帝都覺得看不足。
Of soft song and slow dance, of string and bamboo music.
The Emperor's eyes could never gaze on her enough -
漁陽鞞鼓動地來，驚破霓裳羽衣曲。漁陽鞞鼓動地來20，驚破霓裳羽衣曲21。
漁陽傳來了戰鼓聲，驚破了「霓裳羽衣曲」。
Till war-drums, booming from Yuyang, shocked the whole earth
And broke the tunes of The Rainbow Skirt and the Feathered Coat.
九重城闕煙塵生，千乘萬騎西南行。九重城闕22煙塵生，千乘萬騎西南行23。
叛軍像煙塵般撲到了皇城邊，迫着皇帝不得不逃奔向西南。
The Forbidden City, the nine-tiered palace, loomed in the dust
From thousands of horses and chariots headed southwest.
翠華搖搖行復止，西出都門百餘里。翠華24搖搖行復止，西出都門百餘里。
出西門剛剛走了百多里路，搖擺的旌旗正行着忽然停住，
The imperial flag opened the way, now moving and now pausing --
But thirty miles from the capital, beyond the western gate,
六軍不發無奈何，宛轉蛾眉馬前死。六軍不發25無奈何，宛轉蛾眉馬前死26。
護衛的軍隊逗留不進沒了辦法，美人竟然嬌羞婉轉地死在馬前。
The men of the army stopped, not one of them would stir
Till under their horses' hoofs they might trample those moth-eyebrows…
花鈿委地無人收，翠翹金雀玉搔頭。花鈿委地27無人收，翠翹金雀玉搔頭28。
佩帶的首飾遺棄了一地沒人檢收，有翠翹、有金雀、還有玉搔頭。
Flowery hairpins fell to the ground, no one picked them up,
And a green and white jade hair-tassel and a yellowgold hair- bird.
君王掩面救不得，回看血淚相和流。君王掩面救不得，回看血淚相和流。
皇帝悲哀得流出了血和淚，掩住面容愧不能來援救。
The Emperor could not save her, he could only cover his face.
And later when he turned to look, the place of blood and tears
黃埃散漫風蕭索，雲棧縈紆登劍閣。黃埃散漫風蕭索，雲棧縈紆登劍閣29。
蕭索的秋風吹得黃塵迷漫，沿着紆曲的山路登上劍閣。
Was hidden in a yellow dust blown by a cold wind.
...At the cleft of the Dagger-Tower Trail they crisscrossed through a cloud-line
峨嵋山下少人行，旌旗無光日色薄。峨嵋山30下少人行，旌旗無光日色薄。
旌旗減了光彩，太陽也顯得黯淡，寂靜的蛾眉山下也沒有人行過。
Under Omei Mountain. The last few came.
Flags and banners lost their colour in the fading sunlight..
蜀江水碧蜀山青，聖主朝朝暮暮情。蜀江水碧蜀山青，聖主朝朝暮暮情31。
四川的青山和綠水喲，皇帝日日夜夜在情深癡想，
But as waters of Shu are always green and its mountains always blue,
So changeless was His Majesty's love and deeper than the days.
行宮見月傷心色，夜雨聞鈴腸斷聲。行宮32見月傷心色，夜雨聞鈴腸斷聲33。
行宮裏看見了傷心的月光，雨夜裏聽見了斷腸的鈴響。
He stared at the desolate moon from his temporary palace.
He heard bell-notes in the evening rain, cutting at his breast.
天旋日轉迴龍馭，到此躊躇不能去。天旋日轉迴龍馭34，到此35躊躇不能去。
叛亂敉平了，皇帝還都，來到這裏禁不住停下彷徨：
And when heaven and earth resumed their round and the dragon car faced home,
The Emperor clung to the spot and would not turn away
馬嵬坡下泥土中，不見玉顏空死處。馬嵬坡36下泥土中，不見玉顏空死處37。
馬嵬坡下的泥土裏，看不到美人死去的地方。
From the soil along the Mawei slope, under which was buried
That memory, that anguish, Where was her jade-white face?
君臣相顧盡霑衣，東望都門信馬歸。君臣相顧盡霑衣38，東望都門信39馬歸。
君臣們你看我我看你都哭濕了衣帶，向東望着皇城讓馬兒信步走回來。
Ruler and lords, when eyes would meet, wept upon their coats
As they rode, with loose rein, slowly eastward, back to the capital.
歸來池苑皆依舊，太液芙蓉未央柳。歸來池苑皆依舊，太液芙蓉未央柳40。
太液池的芙蓉未央宮的柳，池苑的模樣兒依舊沒有改。
...The pools, the gardens, the palace, all were just as before,
The Lake Taiye hibiscus, the Weiyang Palace willows;
芙蓉如面柳如眉，對此如何不淚垂？芙蓉如面柳如眉41，對此如何不淚垂？
芙蓉像她的臉柳像她的眉，對着花和樹皇帝怎能不落淚！
But a petal was like her face and a willow-leaf her eyebrow --
And what could he do but cry whenever he looked at them?
春風桃李花開夜，秋雨梧桐葉落時。春風桃李花開夜，秋雨梧桐葉落時。
春風吹開了桃李的花，秋雨滴落了梧桐的葉。
...Peach-trees and plum-trees blossomed, in the winds of spring;
Lakka-foliage fell to the ground, after autumn rains;
西宮南苑多秋草，宮葉滿階紅不掃。西宮南苑42多秋草，宮葉滿階紅不掃。
西宮南宮多的是秋草，紅葉落了滿階沒有人掃。
The Western and Southern Palaces were littered with late grasses,
And the steps were mounded with red leaves that no one swept away.
梨園弟子白髮新，椒房阿監青娥老。梨園弟子白髮新43，椒房阿監青娥老44。
梨園的子弟有了白頭髮，椒房裏太監宮女也漸漸老。
Her Pear-Garden Players became white-haired
And the eunuchs thin-eyebrowed in her Court of PepperTrees;
夕殿螢飛思悄然，孤燈挑盡未成眠。夕殿螢飛思悄然45，孤燈挑盡未成眠。
黃昏時看着殿角的飛螢悄悄思念，孤獨地挑盡了燈花不能成眠，
Over the throne flew fire-flies, while he brooded in the twilight.
He would lengthen the lamp-wick to its end and still could never sleep.
遲遲鐘鼓初長夜，耿耿星河欲曙天。遲遲鐘鼓初長夜，耿耿46星河欲曙天。
漫漫長夜嫌更鼓打得太慢，看着微明的銀河盼望着快明天。
Bell and drum would slowly toll the dragging nighthours
And the River of Stars grow sharp in the sky, just before dawn,
鴛鴦瓦冷霜華重，翡翠衾寒誰與共？鴛鴦瓦冷霜華重47，翡翠衾48寒誰與共？
鴛鴦瓦上的霜雪很厚，翡翠被裏的寒冷再沒有人來同受；
And the porcelain mandarin-ducks on the roof grow thick with morning frost
And his covers of kingfisher-blue feel lonelier and colder
悠悠生死別經年，魂魄不曾來入夢。悠悠生死別經年49，魂魄不曾來入夢。
生離死別經過了一個足年，不曾有她的魂靈兒到夢裏來聚首。
With the distance between life and death year after year;
And yet no beloved spirit ever visited his dreams.
臨邛道士鴻都客，能以精誠致魂魄。臨邛道士鴻都客50，能以精誠致魂魄。
臨邛的道士是鴻都客，能用精誠來招致死去的亡魂。
...At Lingqiong lived a Taoist priest who was a guest of heaven,
Able to summon spirits by his concentrated mind.
為感君王展轉思，遂教方士殷勤覓。為感君王展轉思51，遂教方士殷勤覓。
感嘆皇帝輾轉地想思，就叫道士們去殷勤追尋。
And people were so moved by the Emperor's constant brooding
That they besought the Taoist priest to see if he could find her.
排空馭氣奔如電，升天入地求之遍。排空馭氣奔如電，升天入地求之遍52。
駕着雲乘着風像電一般快捷，也昇天也入地一個勁地訪求不停歇，
He opened his way in space and clove the ether like lightning,
Up to heaven, under the earth, looking everywhere.
上窮碧落下黃泉，兩處茫茫皆不見。上窮碧落下黃泉，兩處茫茫皆不見53。
可惜上天下地找尋了一個遍，這兩處地方連個影兒也沒見。
Above, he searched the Green Void, below, the Yellow Spring;
But he failed, in either place, to find the one he looked for.
忽聞海上有仙山，山在虛無縹緲間。忽聞海上有仙山，山在虛無縹緲54間。
忽然聽說海上有座仙山，這仙山若有若無縹緲不平凡。
And then he heard accounts of an enchanted isle at sea,
A part of the intangible and incorporeal world,
樓閣玲瓏五雲起，其中綽約多仙子。樓閣玲瓏五雲55起，其中綽約56多仙子。
五彩雲裏矗立着玲瓏的樓殿，殿中住着一些美麗的女仙。
With pavilions and fine towers in the five-coloured air,
And of exquisite immortals moving to and fro,
中有一人字太真，雪膚花貌參差是。中有一人字太真57，雪膚花貌參差是58。
有一個女仙名字就叫「太真」，雪白膚色花般貌彷彿皇帝的意中人。
And of one among them-whom they called The Ever True -
With a face of snow and flowers resembling hers he sought.
金闕西廂叩玉扃，轉教小玉報雙成。金闕西廂叩玉扃59，轉教小玉報雙成60。
在金闕的西廂叩着玉門，輾轉由「小玉」和「雙成」去報了信。
So he went to the West Hall's gate of gold and knocked at the jasper door
And asked a girl, called Morsel-of-Jade, to tell The Doubly-Perfect.
聞道漢家天子使，九華帳裏夢魂驚。聞道漢家天子使，九華帳61裏夢魂驚。
聽見中國皇帝的使者到，驚醒了華麗帳裏的夢中魂；
And the lady, at news of an envoy from the Emperor of China.
Was startled out of dreams in her nine-flowered, canopy.
攬衣推枕起裴回，珠箔銀屏邐迤開。攬衣推枕起裴回62，珠箔銀屏邐迤開63。
趕忙推枕披衣下了床，珠簾上的銀鉤慢慢兩邊分。
She pushed aside her pillow, dressed, shook away sleep,
And opened the pearly shade and then the silver screen.
雲鬢半偏新睡覺，花冠不整下堂來。雲鬢半偏新睡覺，花冠不整下堂來。
雲髻歪斜像是春睡才醒覺，沒戴好花冠就走出來。
Her cloudy hair-dress hung on one side because of her great haste,
And her flower-cap was loose when she came along the terrace,
風吹仙袂飄颻舉，猶似霓裳羽衣舞。風吹仙袂飄颻舉64，猶似霓裳羽衣舞。
風飄飄地吹起了仙衣，還好像跳着「霓裳羽衣舞」。
While a light wind filled her cloak and fluttered with her motion
As though she danced The Rainbow Skirt and the Feathered Coat.
玉容寂寞淚闌干，梨花一枝春帶雨。玉容寂寞淚闌干65，梨花一枝春帶雨66。
玉潤的面容上寂寞地掛了兩行淚，像一枝梨花帶着春天的雨。
And the tear-drops drifting down her sad white face
Were like a rain in spring on the blossom of the pear.
含情凝睇謝君王，一別音容兩渺茫。含情凝睇謝君王67，一別音容兩渺茫。
含情凝視着使者向皇帝致謝：「別後聲音笑貌雙方都已渺茫。
But love glowed deep within her eyes when she bade him thank her liege,
Whose form and voice had been strange to her ever since their parting --
昭陽殿裏恩愛絕，蓬萊宮中日月長。昭陽殿68裏恩愛絕，蓬萊宮中日月長69。
昭陽殿裏的恩愛不能再繼續，蓬萊宮裏的日月卻特別地長。
Since happiness had ended at the Court of the Bright Sun,
And moons and dawns had become long in Fairy-Mountain Palace.
回頭下望人寰處，不見長安見塵霧。回頭下望人寰70處，不見長安見塵霧。
回頭向下看看人間世，看不見長安只看見些塵土和雲霧。
But when she turned her face and looked down toward the earth
And tried to see the capital, there were only fog and dust.
唯將舊物表深情，鈿合金釵寄將去。唯將舊物表深情，鈿合71金釵寄將去。
把這首飾盒子裏金釵帶給皇帝，舊日佩帶的東西表達深摯的情愫。
So she took out, with emotion, the pledges he had given
And, through his envoy, sent him back a shell box and gold hairpin,
釵留一股合一扇，釵擘黃金合分鈿。釵留一股合一扇72，釵擘黃金合分鈿73。
金釵留下一股盒子留下一扇，都是一件東西平分給兩人保管。
But kept one branch of the hairpin and one side of the box,
Breaking the gold of the hairpin, breaking the shell of the box;
但教心似金鈿堅，天上人間會相見。但教心似金鈿堅，天上人間會相見。
只要兩心都像釵盒這樣的堅固，無論天上人間都不難再相見。」
"Our souls belong together," she said, " like this gold and this shell --
Somewhere, sometime, on earth or in heaven, we shall surely
臨別殷勤重寄詞，詞中有誓兩心知︰臨別殷勤重寄詞，詞中有誓兩心知：
臨別殷勤地叫再帶上一句話，話裏的誓言只有兩人知道，
And she sent him, by his messenger, a sentence reminding him
Of vows which had been known only to their two hearts:
七月七日長生殿，夜半無人私語時。七月七日長生殿，夜半無人私語時74。
半夜裏祕密地說着纏綿的細語，那是七月七日在「長生殿」裏乞巧：
"On the seventh day of the Seventh-month, in the Palace of Long Life,
We told each other secretly in the quiet midnight world
在天願作比翼鳥，在地願為連理枝。在天願作比翼鳥，在地願為連理枝75。
「在天上願做一雙比翼鳥，在地上願做一對連理枝。」
That we wished to fly in heaven, two birds with the wings of one,
And to grow together on the earth, two branches of one tree."
天長地久有時盡，此恨緜緜無絕期。天長地久有時盡，此恨緜緜無絕期。
天雖長地雖久都有完了的時候，這一離恨綿延着卻沒有斷絕的日期。
Earth endures, heaven endures; some time both shall end,
While this unending sorrow goes on and on for ever.
導賞
這篇《長恨歌》是長篇的七言古詩，屬於「敍事詩」的體裁。作者以歷史上的真實事跡作題材，用寫實的手法把它素描出來。唐玄宗本是一位英明的皇帝，開元二十餘年間，政治清明，為唐朝的鼎盛時期。可惜到了天寶年間，忽然沉湎酒色歌舞，迷戀楊貴妃，誤用了楊國忠，不問政事，招致了安祿山的亂事，幾乎把國家斷送了。以後亂事平定；他必仍然執迷不悟，糊塗到叫那些行邪術的人，去訪尋楊貴妃的芳魂。這事當時給了人們一個很深刻的印象，作者就攝取了這些題材，創作了這篇長詩。
作者的朋友陳鴻，曾根據本詩，寫了一篇《長恨歌傳》。陳鴻曾指出《長恨歌》的主題說：「意者不但感其事，亦欲懲尤物，窒亂階，垂於將來者也。」作者分明是想拿唐玄宗這件事，來作為後世國君的殷鑑。
首句開頭揭明玄宗好色，接着就使楊貴妃與讀者見面。從她的妙齡、美貌，寫到玄宗入了迷惑，糊塗到把國家的官爵和土地，償付愛情的代價。單看「從此君王不早朝」「盡日君王看不足」這兩句，從側面描寫楊貴妃的美，反面卻是在暗示唐朝這個國家完了。你想想，這樣的一位皇帝，還用得着安祿山來打嗎？不打，已經垮了。
第二段敍到安祿山的兵逼近首都，玄宗還在欣賞楊貴妃的舞姿。但是不得不逃亡了，剛剛走了百餘里路，突然發生兵變，實在是玄宗意料不到的事。「花鈿委地無人收」一句，是以後「惟將舊物表深情」的伏筆。「君王掩面救不得」，皇帝的威權哪兒去了？第三段寫玄宗狼狽逃到四川，江山美人都丟了，這位傷心皇帝，過着淒涼的歲月，也真夠可憐。四段寫玄宗還都，見物思人，更令讀者為之嗟歎。然而這種悲慘後果，仍是玄宗自己招致了來的，恨嗎，應該恨自己。
末段寫玄宗繼續執迷不悟，方士們有機可乘，用些假造的謊言來騙他，更增加了他的苦痛。你看作者寫的「山在虛無縹緲間」「雪膚花貌參差是」，不是已經一再點明是假的了嗎？但玄宗卻信以為真，這譏誚也真夠厲害的。楊貴妃在馬嵬驛死時，既然「花鈿委地無人收」，事後一定有人撿拾了去。方士們當然會用高價到那裏搜求到手，然後再用以欺騙玄宗，果然成功了。玄宗做的這椿蠢事，既可笑，又可憐。「比翼鳥」「連理枝」是美麗的夢話，夢醒以後，完全幻滅了，不能不成為千古的恨事，所以說「此恨綿綿無絕期」。
白居易長於寫諷諭詩，在這篇裏也有不少諷刺的句子。如「漢皇重色思傾國，御宇多年求不得」；「姊妹弟兄皆列土，可憐光彩生門戶」；「漁陽鼙鼓動地來，驚破霓裳羽衣曲」；「君王掩面救不得，回看血淚相和流」；「為感君王輾轉思，遂教方士殷勤覓」……都夠深刻。務他諷刺的手法很巧妙，驟然看不出來的，但你若細細咀嚼，可能發出會心的微笑，和沉痛的感歎。最好的諷刺，便是上乘的幽默，它能使人笑，也能使人哭。
延伸閱讀：
查閱次數：56659
資料來源：
朗讀：馮倩雯（粵）、寧榮璇（普）
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註釋：《中國文學古典精華》，商務印書館（香港）有限公司
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譯文：《友聯活葉文選》，友聯出版社
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導賞：《友聯活葉文選》，友聯出版社（文）、馮倩雯（粵）、白雪蓮（普）
作者／出處
白居易
白居易，生於唐代宗大曆七年，卒於唐武宗會昌六年（七七二──八四六）。字樂天，晚號香山居士，祖籍太原（今山西太原），後遷居下邽（今陝西渭南）。自幼聰慧，刻苦讀書。唐德宗貞元十六年（七九九）進士，初任校書郎，歷任翰林學士、左拾遺，因敢言直諫，上疏亟論宰相武元衡被盜殺事，為當政者所忌，貶為江州（今江西九江）司馬。其後歷任忠州、杭州、蘇州刺史，官至刑部尚書，晚年退居洛下，崇奉佛法。
白居易是中唐大詩人，與元稹齊名，並稱「元白」。他提倡「文章合為時而著，歌詩合為事而作」，反對「嘲風雪，弄花草」的文學，強調《詩經》的美刺傳統和杜甫的創作精神。白詩的特色是語言淺俗，使老嫗、兒童都能解讀，諷諭詩《秦中吟》及《新樂府》是其中的代表。晚年寫了不少閒適詩和感傷詩。有明萬曆三十四年（一六〇六）馬元調刊本《白氏長慶集》傳世。
查閱次數：9421
資料來源：
《中國文學古典精華》，商務印書館（香港）有限公司
創作背景
《長恨歌》選自《全唐詩》卷四百三十五，作於唐憲宗元和元年（八○六）白居易任盩厔（今陝西周至）縣尉時。《長恨歌》是一篇廣為傳誦的長篇敍事詩，寫唐玄宗李隆基與貴妃楊玉環的愛情故事。憲宗元和元年十二月，白居易與陳鴻、王質夫等同遊仙游寺，話及開元、天寶年間玄宗與貴妃遺事，相與感歎，遂寫下此詩，名為《長恨歌》，即歌長恨之意。此詩既寫二人愛情的遺恨，也諷玄宗荒淫誤國，以垂訓後世。
資料來源：
《中國文學古典精華》，商務印書館（香港）有限公司
